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Health Education Research Advance Access published online on September 19, 2007
Health Education Research, doi:10.1093/her/cym053
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Published by Oxford University Press [2007].

Factors associated with recruitment and retention of youth into smoking cessation intervention studies—a review of the literature

Cathy L. Backinger1,*, Carol N. Michaels2,{dagger}, Anne Marie Jefferson3,{dagger}, Pebbles Fagan1, Ami L. Hurd4,{dagger} and Rachel Grana5,{dagger}

1 Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20892, USA
2 Valley Preferred, Lehigh Valley Physician Hospital Organization, Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
3 Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, USA
4 Sharp HealthCare, San Diego, California, USA
5 Scientific Consulting Group, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA

Correspondence to: * Correspondence to: C. L. Backinger, Tobacco Control Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, EPN 4039B, Bethesda, MD 20892-7337, USA. E-mail: backingc{at}mail.nih.gov

This paper examines factors associated with high levels of recruitment and retention of youth into smoking cessation interventions. Fifty-five articles published from 1976 to June 2004 reported cessation outcomes were analyzed to examine the associations between selected variables and recruitment and retention rates. Studies with participants who smoked ≤5 cigarettes per day (cpd) were more likely to have recruitment rates ≥85%. Yet, studies with participants who smoked ≥6 cpd were more likely to have high retention rates. Studies that did not use incentives were more likely to have retention rates at end of intervention ≥85%. Findings indicate a lack of information reported about recruitment and retention procedures in adolescent tobacco cessation studies. Additional analyses and research need to be conducted to identify successful methods.

{dagger} Employed by the Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, at the time when the study was conducted.

Received on December 15, 2006; accepted on July 18, 2007


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